Severe trauma in young permanent tooth: a case report / Trauma severo em dente permanente jovem: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Dentoalveolar trauma is a severe traumatic injury involving alveolar bone and dental structures. Like any trauma, it can leave irreparable sequelae and even cause tooth loss. The aim of this study is to report on the case of a dentoalveolar trauma in a 10-year-old male patient and the treatment performed with 12-month follow-up. The child had lateral luxation and displacement of teeth 11 and 21 in labial direction after a fall from his own height. The patient was examined at a hospital, received medication and was referred to a dental clinic. At the dental office, the teeth were repositioned, as well as received endodontic treatment and dental reanatomization. Two months after the trauma, root resorption was observed externally, which remained stable for 12 months. It was concluded that post-trauma treatment should be immediate and that follow-up sessions should be done carefully to minimize sequelae and to receive better prognosis.

RESUMO Traumatismo dentoalveolar é uma lesão traumática grave envolvendo osso alveolar e estruturas dentárias. Como qualquer trauma, pode deixar sequelas irreparáveis e até causar perda dentária. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um trauma dentoalveolar em um paciente de 10 anos e o tratamento realizado com 12 meses de acompanhamento. A criança apresentou luxação lateral e deslocamento dos dentes 11 e 21 na direção labial após uma queda da própria altura. O paciente foi examinado em um hospital, recebeu medicação e foi encaminhado a uma clínica odontológica. No consultório odontológico, os dentes foram reposicionados, posteriormente, tratados endodônticamente e realizado a reanatomização dentária. Dois meses após o trauma, a reabsorção radicular foi observada externamente, permanecendo estável por 12 meses. Concluiu-se que o tratamento pós-trauma deve ser imediato e que as sessões de acompanhamento devem ser realizadas com cuidado, a fim de minimizar sequelas e obter melhor prognóstico.

Do Different Proportions of Antibiotics in the CTZ Paste Interfere with the Antimicrobial Action? In Vitro Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial action of the CTZ paste in three different proportions by diffusion in agar with the microorganisms: Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Material and Methods: Three different proportions of antibiotics were tested: GROUP A - CTZ paste in the ratio of 33.33% chloramphenicol + 33.33% tetracycline + 33.33% zinc oxide, mixed with 2 drops of eugenol (1:1:1 ratio); GROUP B - CTZ paste in the proportion of 25% chloramphenicol + 25% tetracycline + 50% zinc oxide, mixed with 2 drops of eugenol (1: 1: 2 ratio); GROUP C - CTZ paste with 13% chloramphenicol + 13% tetracycline + 74% Zinc Oxide, mixed with 2 drops of eugenol (1:1:6 ratio); PC GROUP - Positive Control (0.12% Chlorhexidine); and NC GROUP - Negative Control (0.9% Saline solution). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (means and standard deviation). The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used, with a significance level of 5% Results: No statistical differences for Enterococcus faecalis between groups A, B, and C (p = 0.1986) were found. There were statistical differences for Escherichia coli between groups B and C (p = 0.029), and for Candida albicans between groups A and C (p = 0.006). Groups A, B, and C had significant differences with both Positive and Negative Controls for all the microorganisms Conclusion: The three different ratios of CTZ paste showed antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans microorganisms.

Risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in HIV/aids-infected adults / Fatores de risco associados à hipovitaminose D em indivíduos adultos infectados pelo HIV/aids

Objective To investigate risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in adult patients infected with HIV/aids, at a referral hospital in Maceió, Brazil. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study involved 125 patients evaluated from April to September 2013 by means of interviews, review of medical records, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The data were analyzed using the SPSS® software, version 17.0; the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and mean levels of vitamin D were determined. The association between hypovitaminosis D and the independent variables was assessed using the Chi-square or the Fisher’s exact tests; mean vitamin D concentrations were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was set at 5% across tests. Results The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 24%, with a significant association with higher household income (p < 0.05). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with female gender (p < 0.001), no use of sunscreen (p < 0.05), and previous opportunistic infections (p < 0.01). Lower values were associated with the use of antiretroviral medication (p < 0.05), overweight and obesity (p < 0.01). Conclusion Lower vitamin D concentrations were significantly associated with well-known risk factors for hypovitaminosis D: use of sunscreen, antiretroviral medication, overweight, and obesity. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in this study, considering values > 20 ng/mL or > 30 ng/mL as vitamin D sufficiency, was lower to that of previous studies with HIV-infected patients, a fact that might be related to the low latitude and high intensity of solar radiation of the location of the present study. .

Objetivo Investigar fatores de risco associados à hipovitaminose D em pacientes adultos infectados por HIV/aids, num centro de referência em Maceió-AL. Sujeitos e métodos Por meio de desenho transversal, 125 pacientes foram avaliados por entrevista, revisão de prontuário, exame físico e laboratorial, no período de abril a setembro de 2013. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software SPSS®, versão 17.0, sendo determinados a prevalência de hipovitaminose D e os níveis médios de vitamina D. Para avaliação da associação entre hipovitaminose D e as variáveis pesquisadas, foram utilizados o teste Qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher, enquanto para os níveis médios de vitamina D foram utilizados os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O nível de significância foi de 5% para todos os testes. Resultados Foi observada prevalência de hipovitaminose D de 24% com associação significativa com maior renda familiar (p < 0,05); níveis de vitamina D mais altos nas mulheres (p < 0,001), em pacientes que não faziam uso de filtro solar (p < 0,05) e naqueles com infecções oportunistas pregressas (p < 0,01). Valores mais baixos foram associados ao uso de antirretrovirais (p < 0,05), sobrepeso e obesidade (p < 0,01). Conclusão Níveis mais baixos de vitamina D estiveram significativamente associados com tradicionais fatores de risco para hipovitaminose D como uso de filtro solar e antirretrovirais, sobrepeso e obesidade. A prevalência de hipovitaminose encontrada, considerando suficiência de vitamina D tanto para valores acima de 20 ng/mL quanto de 30 ng/mL, foi inferior a estudos anteriores em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, fato que pode estar relacionado às características da localidade do estudo, com baixa latitude e elevada incidência solar. .